Mitochondrial Haplogroup M
Mitochondrial haplogroup M is a huge haplogroup, encompassing many sublineages. All mitochondrial haplogroups considered native outside of Africa are descendants either of the M or N macro-haplogroups. The M haplogroup is thought to have evolved in Asia around 60,000 years ago. This assumption is based on the high frequency and variability of M subclades in Asia.
Subclades
- M1: only variant of haplogroup M found in Africa, also found around the Mediterranean and the Middle East
- M1a
- M1a1
- M1a1a
- M1a1a1a1
- M1a1b
- M1a1b1
- M1a1b1a
- M1a1b1b
- M1a1b1b1
- M1a1b1c
- M1a1b2
- M1a1b1
- M1a1c
- M1a1d
- M1a1e
- M1a1e1
- M1a1e2
- M1a1f
- M1a1g
- M1a1h
- M1a1i
- M1a1a
- M1a2
- M1a2a
- M1a2b
- M1a3
- M1a3a
- M1a3b
- M1a3b1
- M1a4
- M1a4a
- M1a5
- M1a6
- M1a7
- M1a8
- M1a1
- M1b
- M1b1
- M1b1a
- M1b1b
- M1b2
- M1b2a
- M1b2b
- M1b2c
- M1b1
- M1a
- M2: found almost exclusively in South Asia
- M2a
- M2a1
- M2a1a
- M2a1a1
- M2a1a1a
- M2a1a1a1
- M2a1a1b
- M2a1a1b1
- M2a1a1a
- M2a1a2
- M2a1a2a
- M2a1a2a1
- M2a1a2a1a
- M2a1a2a1
- M2a1a2a
- M2a1a3
- M2a1a3a
- M2a1a3a1
- M2a1a3b
- M2a1a3a
- M2a1a1
- M2a1b
- M2a1c
- M2a1a
- M2a2
- M2a2a
- M2a3
- M2a3a
- M2a1
- M2b
- M2b1
- M2b1a
- M2b1b
- M2b2
- M2b3
- M2b3a
- M2b4
- M2b1
- M2c
- M2a
- M3: found almost exclusively in South Asia
- M3a
- M3a1
- M3a1a
- M3a2
- M3a2a
- M3a1
- M3b
- M3c
- M3c1
- M3c1a
- M3c1b
- M3c1b1
- M3c1b1a
- M3c1b1b
- M3c1b1
- M3c2
- M3c1
- M3d
- M3d1
- M3d1a
- M3d1a1
- M3d1a
- M3d1
- M3a
- M4: found almost exclusively in South Asia
- M5: found almost exclusively in South Asia, including Sherpa from Nepal and Tibet
- M5a
- M5a1
- M5a1a
- M5a1b: also found in Russia
- M5a2
- M5a2a
- M5a2a1
- M5a2a1a: also found in Kazakhstan
- M5a2a2
- M5a2a3
- M5a2a1
- M5a2a
- M5a3
- M5a3a
- M5a3b
- M5a4
- M5a5
- M5a1
- M5b
- M5b1
- M5b2
- M5b2a
- M5b2b
- M5b2b1
- M5b2b1a
- M5b2b1
- M5c
- M5c1
- M5c2
- M5d
- M5a
- M6: found almost exclusively in South Asia
- M6a
- M6a1
- M6a1a
- M6a1b
- M6a2
- M6a1
- M6b
- M6a
- M7
- M7a: found in Japan
- M7a1
- M7a1a
- M7a1a1
- M7a1a1a
- M7a1a2
- M7a1a3
- M7a1a4
- M7a1a4a
- M7a1a5
- M7a1a5a
- M7a1a6
- M7a1a6a
- M7a1a7
- M7a1a8
- M7a1a9
- M7a1a1
- M7a1b
- M7a1b1: found also in Taiwan
- M7a1b2
- M7a1a
- M7a2: found also in Siberia
- M7a2a
- M7a2a1
- M7a2a2
- M7a2a
- M7a1
- M7b: found in throughout East Asia (China, Japan, Siberia), mainland and island Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines)
- M7b1
- M7b1a
- M7b1a1
- M7b1a1a
- M7b1a1a1
- M7b1a1a1a
- M7b1a1a1b
- M7b1a1a1b1
- M7b1a1a1c
- M7b1a1a1d
- M7b1a1a2
- M7b1a1a3
- M7b1a1a1
- M7b1a1b
- M7b1a1c
- M7b1a1c1
- M7b1a1d
- M7b1a1d1
- M7b1a1e
- M7b1a1e1
- M7b1a1e2
- M7b1a1f
- M7b1a1g
- M7b1a1h
- M7b1a1i
- M7b1a1a
- M7b1a2
- M7b1a2a
- M7b1a2a1
- M7b1a2a
- M7b1a1
- M7b1b
- M7b1a
- M7b2
- M7b2a
- M7b1
- M7c: found throughout Asia, including in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Azerbaijan, Mongolia, Siberia, Indonesia, Philippines and the Ladakh from the Indian Himalayas
- M7c1
- M7c1a
- M7c1a1
- M7c1a1a
- M7c1a1a1
- M7c1a1a
- M7c1a2
- M7c1a2a
- M7c1a2a1
- M7c1a2a
- M7c1a3
- M7c1a3a
- M7c1a4
- M7c1a4a
- M7c1a4b
- M7c1a5
- M7c1a1
- M7c1b
- M7c1b1
- M7c1b2
- M7c1b2a
- M7c1b2b
- M7c1c
- M7c1c1
- M7c1c2
- M7c1c2a
- M7c1c3
- M7c1c3a
- M7c1c3a1
- M7c1c3b
- M7c1c3c
- M7c1c3d
- M7c1c3e
- M7c1c3f
- M7c1c3g
- M7c1c3h
- M7c1c3i
- M7c1c3a
- M7c1a
- M7c2
- M7c2a
- M7c3
- M7c1
- M7a: found in Japan
- M8: found in Japan, China
- M8a
- M8a1
- M8a2
- M8a2a
- M8a2a1
- M8a2b
- M8a2c
- M8a2d
- M8a2a
- M8a3
- M8a3a
- M8a3a1
- M8a3a
- CZ
- C – see C page
- Z – see Z page
- M8a
- M9
- M9a: found across Asia, including Japan, Korea, China, the Monpa and Sherpa of Tibet, the Ladakh of the Indian Himalayas, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Siberia, Vietnam
- M9a1
- M9a1a
- M9ala1
- M9a1a1a
- M9a1a1b
- M9a1a1c
- M9a1a1c1
- M9a1a1c1a
- M9a1a1c1b
- M9a1a1c1c
- M9a1a1c1
- M9a1a1d
- M9a1a2
- M9ala1
- M9a1b
- M9a1b1
- M9a1b1a
- M9a1b1a1
- M9a1b1b
- M9a1b1c
- M9a1b1a
- M9a1b2
- M9a1b1
- M9a1a
- M9a4
- M9a4a
- M9a4a1
- M9a4b
- M9a4a
- M9a5
- M9a1
- M9b: found in East and Southeast Asia, including China, Vietnam
- E – see E page
- M9a: found across Asia, including Japan, Korea, China, the Monpa and Sherpa of Tibet, the Ladakh of the Indian Himalayas, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Siberia, Vietnam
- M10: found across Asia, including China, Japan, Siberia, India, Myanmar, as well as Eastern Europe (north-western Russia)
- M10a
- M10a1
- M10a1a
- M10a1a1
- M10a1a1a
- M10a1a1b
- M10a1a1b1
- M10a1a1
- M10a1a
- M10a2
- M10a1
- M10a
- M11: found across Asia, including India, China, Japan, Tibet, Siberia
- M11a
- M11a1
- M11a2
- M11b
- M11b1
- M11b1a
- M11b2
- M11b1
- M11c
- M11d
- M11a
- M12: found across Asia, including China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, India
- M12a
- M12a1
- M12a1a
- M12a1a1
- M12a1a2
- M12a1b
- M12a1a
- M12a2
- M12a1
- M12b
- M12b1
- M12b1a
- M12b1a1
- M12b1a2
- M12b1a2a
- M12b1a2b
- M12b1b
- M12b1a
- M12b2
- M12b2a
- M12b1
- M12a
- M13: found across Asia, including India, Japan, China, Mongolia, Tibet, Nepal, Thailand, Malaysia
- M13a
- M13a1
- M13a1a
- M13a1b
- M13a2
- M13a1
- M13b
- M13b1
- M13b2
- M13c
- M13a
- M14: found in Australian aborigines and also on the Arabian Peninsula
- M15: found in Australian aborigines
- M17: found in mainland and island Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines
- M17a
- M17c
- M17c1
- M17c1a
- M17c1a1
- M17c1a1a
- M17c1a1
- M17c1a
- M17c1
- M18: found almost exclusively in South Asia, Southeast Asia
- M18a
- M18b
- M18c
- M19: found in the Philippines
- M20
- M21: found in mainland and island Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines
- M21a
- M21b
- M21b1
- M21b1a
- M21b2
- M21b1
- M22: found in mainland and island Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, Malaysia
- M22a
- M22b
- M23: found in the Malagasy in Madagascar
- M24: found in mainland and island Southeast Asia, including Cambodia, the Philippines, also China
- M24a
- M24b
- M25: found almost exclusively in South Asia
- M26: found in Indonesia
- M27: found in the Bougainville, New Britain, New Ireland provinces of Papua New Guinea,
- M27a
- M27b
- M27c
- M28: found in Oceania, including Vanuatu, the New Britain province of Papua New Guinea, West Polynesia
- M28a
- M28b
- M29: found in New Guinea
- M29a
- M29b
- M30: found in South Asia
- M30a
- M30a1
- M30a2
- M30b
- M30c
- M30c1
- M30c1a
- M30c1a1
- M30c1a
- M30c1
- M30d
- M30d1
- M30d2
- M30e
- M30f
- M30g
- M30a
- M31: found in the Andaman Islands, India, Nepal
- M31a
- M31a1
- M31a1a
- M31a1b
- M31a2
- M31a1
- M31b
- M31b1
- M23b2
- M31c
- M31a
- M32: found in the Andaman Islands
- M32a
- M32c
- M33: found throughout Asia, including India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Iraq
- M33a
- M33a1
- M33a1a
- M33a1b
- M33a2
- M33a2a
- M33a3
- M33a3a
- M33a1
- M33b
- M33b1
- M33b2
- M33c
- M33d
- M33a
- M34: found in South Asia, including India
- M34a
- M34a1
- M34a1a
- M34a2
- M34a1
- M34b
- M34a
- M35: found in South Asia, including India, Nepal
- M35a
- M35a1
- M35a1a
- M35a2
- M35a1
- M35b
- M35b1
- M35b2
- M35b3
- M35c
- M35a
- M36: found in India
- M36a
- M36b
- M36c
- M36d
- M36d1
- M37: found in South Asia
- M37a
- M37a1
- M37d
- M37e
- M37e2
- M37a
- M38: found in South Asia, Southeast Asia
- M38a
- M38b
- M38c
- M38d
- M38e
- M39: found in India
- M39a
- M39a1
- M39a2
- M39b
- M39b1
- M39b2
- M39c
- M39a
- M40: found in India
- M40a
- M40a1
- M40a1a
- M40a1b
- M40a1
- M40a
- M41: found in India
- M41a
- M41a1
- M41b
- M41c
- M41a
- M42: found in Australian aborigines, India
- M42a
- M42b
- M42b1
- M42b1a
- M42b1
- M43: found in South Asia, Southeast Asia (India, Myanmar, Nepal)
- M43a
- M43a1
- M43b
- M43a
- M44: found in India
- M44a
- M44a1
- M44a
- M45: found in Tibet, India
- M45a
- M46: found in Southeast Asia, including Cambodia, Thailand, also in the Malagasy of Madagascar
- M46a
- M47
- M48
- M49: found across South, Southeast and East Asia, including China, India, Myanmar
- M49a
- M49a1
- M49a2
- M49c
- M49c1
- M49d
- M49e
- M49e1
- M49a
- M50: found in mainland and island Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines
- M50a
- M50a1
- M50a2
- M50a
- M51: found in mainland and island Southeast Asia, including Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia
- M51a
- M51a1
- M51a1a
- M51a1b
- M51a2
- M51a1
- M51b
- M51b1
- M51b1a
- M51b1b
- M51b1
- M51a
- M52: found in South and Southeast Asia, including India, Nepal, Philippines
- M52a
- M52a1
- M52a1a
- M52a1b
- M52a1b1
- M52a1
- M52b
- M52b1
- M52b1a
- M52b1
- M52a
- M53: found in South Asia
- M53b
- M54: found in Tibet, Nepal, Southeast Asia (Thailand)
- M55: found in Southeast Asia
- M56: found in India
- M57: found in India
- M57a
- M57b
- M57b1
- M58: found in South and Southeast Asia
- M59: found in Cambodia
- M60: found in South Asia, including India, Nepal
- M60a
- M60a1
- M60a2
- M60b
- M60a
- M61: found in East and Southeast Asia
- M61a
- M62: found in India, Tibet
- M62a
- M62b
- M62b1
- M62b1a
- M62b1a1
- M62b1a
- M62b2
- M62b1
- M63: found in South Asia
- M64: found in South Asia
- M65: found in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet
- M65a
- M65a1
- M65a2
- M65b
- M65a
- M66: found in South Asia (India, Nepal)
- M66a
- M66b
- M67: found in India
- M68: found in Cambodia
- M68a
- M68a1
- M68a1a
- M68a2
- M68a2a
- M68a1
- M68a
- M69: found in mainland and island Southeast Asia, including Cambodia and Indonesia
- M69a
- M70: found in Tibet
- M71: found in East and Southeast Asia, including China, Cambodia, Myanmar, Philippines
- M71a
- M71a1
- M71a1a
- M71a2
- M71a1
- M71b
- M71c
- M71a
- M72: found in East and Southeast Asia, including China, Myanmar and Philippines
- M72a
- M73: found in mainland and island Southeast Asia including Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines
- M73a
- M73a1
- M73b
- M73a
- M74: found in East and Southeast Asia, including China, Indonesia, Myanmar
- M74a
- M74b
- M74b1
- M74b2
- M75: found in East Asia
- M76: found in East Asia
- M76a
- M77: found in Vietnam
- M79: found in East Asia
- M80: found in the Philippines
- M81: found in India
- M91: found in Central and Southeast Asia, including Tibet, Cambodia
- M91a
- M91b
- G
- Q
- D